The Middle Ages were a period of tremendous cultural and scientific advancement in the Islamic Empire--ideas and inventions that shaped our world. The numbers you use every day (Arabic numerals!) are a Muslim invention, the marching band you hear at football games has its roots in the Middle East, you are drinking orange juice at breakfast today thanks to Islamic farming innovations, and the modern city's skyline was made possible by Islamic architecture. The Muslim world has often been a bridge between East and West, but many of Islam's crucial innovations are hidden within the folds of history.